How to debug general database and disk performance while using a PostgreSQL DB server in TrueSight Capacity Optimization(TSCO)

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How to debug general database and disk performance while using a PostgreSQL DB server in TrueSight Capacity Optimization(TSCO)
How to debug general database and disk performance while using a PostgreSQL DB server in TSCO
TrueSight Capacity Optimization
Capacity Optimization
All TSCO versions that support PostgreSQL DB
TrueSight Capacity Optimization
Capacity Optimization
All TSCO versions that support PostgreSQL DB
TSCO instance running on a PostgreSQL DB. The performance is slow (TSCO UI is slow, tasks require long time to run)

How one can check the performance of PostgreSQL DB server?

The first step is to check the usage of CPU and memory. If the server is monitored with TSCO (e.g. it is a VM and it is imported with vCenter ETL) you can do an analysis of CPU Utilization and Memory Utilization and understand if they are high.
In this case, can determine if allocating more CPU (e.g. add a core) or add more memory.

Another important check is the performance of the storage. In the PostgreSQL DB there is a specific test to evaluate the database storage. This test uses fsync() call to verify the effective commit rate that postgreSQL db can reach on the machine. The fsync() utility is available on a standard PostgreSQL DB installation.

Running fsync to get database performance information

Use -f option with the path of the file to use, if we want to test a specific endpoint.

[root@bl-pun-bco-qa01 ~]# /usr/pgsql-9.3/bin/pg_test_fsync
5 seconds per test
O_DIRECT supported on this platform for open_datasync and open_sync.
 
Sample test output:


Compare file sync methods using one 8kB write:
(in wal_sync_method preference order, except fdatasync
is Linux's default)
        open_datasync                   12564.224 ops/sec      80 usecs/op
        fdatasync                        8032.680 ops/sec     124 usecs/op
        fsync                            7344.526 ops/sec     136 usecs/op
        fsync_writethrough                            n/a
        open_sync                       12225.885 ops/sec      82 usecs/op
 
Compare file sync methods using two 8kB writes:
(in wal_sync_method preference order, except fdatasync
is Linux's default)
        open_datasync                    5565.933 ops/sec     180 usecs/op
        fdatasync                        7546.708 ops/sec     133 usecs/op
        fsync                            6119.231 ops/sec     163 usecs/op
        fsync_writethrough                            n/a
        open_sync                        5590.784 ops/sec     179 usecs/op
 
Compare open_sync with different write sizes:
(This is designed to compare the cost of writing 16kB
in different write open_sync sizes.)
         1 * 16kB open_sync write       10826.603 ops/sec      92 usecs/op
         2 *  8kB open_sync writes       5699.060 ops/sec     175 usecs/op
         4 *  4kB open_sync writes       2940.245 ops/sec     340 usecs/op
         8 *  2kB open_sync writes       1465.665 ops/sec     682 usecs/op
        16 *  1kB open_sync writes        737.026 ops/sec    1357 usecs/op
 
Test if fsync on non-write file descriptor is honored:
(If the times are similar, fsync() can sync data written
on a different descriptor.)
        write, fsync, close              6723.157 ops/sec     149 usecs/op
        write, close, fsync              6733.806 ops/sec     149 usecs/op
 
Non-Sync'ed 8kB writes:
        write                           254583.644 ops/sec       4 usecs/op

 

Testing I/O subsystem performance using 'fio' on Linux

There are 6 commands that can be run on Linux to test the performance of the underlying I/O subsystem:
  1. fio -readonly -name iops -rw=randread -bs=4k -runtime=120 -iodepth=256 -filename /dev/sda -ioengine libaio -direct=1
  2. fio -readonly -name iops -rw=randread -bs=4k -runtime=120 -iodepth=256 -filename /dev/sda -direct=1
  3. fio --randrepeat=1  --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --ioengine=libaio --filename=/path/to/file
  4. fio --randrepeat=1  --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --filename=/path/to/file
  5. hdparm -tT /dev/sda
  6. pg_test_fsync -f /path/to/file

The  /dev/sda reference will be replaced with the actual disk device where your Postgres database files reside on the server. Also in the other commands /path/to/file should be a file on the same logical volume as your Postgres database files.

Note: These tests should generally be executed when the TSCO Datahub is not running in the environment, as it will compete with these test commands (and thus decrease the reported throughput of the hardware).

Validating the postgres.conf settings

There are a few Postgres configuration recommendations made in the CO documentation. Please refer to docs and check if your postgres.conf file is reflecting the recommended configuration

There is a command available for postgres called pgtune (if not installed, you can ask to system administrator to install as root with command yum install pgtune) which can be used to tune your Postgres database configuration parameters based upon your memory configuration

For example, on a machine with 4 GB of RAM where the Postgres DB is in /apps/postgres/data the command is:
 
pgtune --input /apps/postgres/data/postgresql.conf --type mixed --connections 100 --memory 4000000000

the same can be done collecting the relevant parameters and putting them into the pgtune web page, without installing packages on the customer's environment: https://pgtune.leopard.in.ua/#/

Pay particular attention to the value of effective_io_concurrency, which can be the culprit.

If performance problems persist, one diagnostic option would be to try, for a short test period (a couple of days), running the Postgres database with the parameter synchronous_commit = off to see if there is a noticeable increase in performance.  

That generally wouldn't be a desirable permanent configuration (as if the server were to crash the database could be corrupted and need to be restored from backup) but it would be a good indicator of the type of throughput possible in an environment with slow I/O subsystem response.
 
TrueSight Capacity Optimization
Capacity Optimization
All TSCO versions that support PostgreSQL DB
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